The Psycho-Social Dynamics of Organizational Change
The fundamental assumptions underlying any change in a human system are derived originally from Kurt Lewin (1947). I have elaborated and refined his basic model in my studies of coercive persuasion, professional education, group dynamics training, and management development (Schein, 1961a, 1961b, 1964, 1972; Schein and Bennis, 1965). This elaborated model is shown in