Operations Planning and Scheduling Systems

Operations planning and scheduling systems concern with the volume and timing of outputs, the utilisation of operations capacity at desired levels for competitive effectiveness. These systems must fit together activities at various levels, form top to bottom, in support of one another, as shown in Fig. 5.3. Note that the time orientation ranges from

31
May
Aggregate Planning in Production and Operation Management

Aggregate planning is an intermediate term planning decision. It is the process of planning the quantity and timing of output over the intermediate time horizon (3 months to one year). Within this range, the physical facilities are assumed to -10 be fixed for the planning period. Therefore, fluctuations in demand must be met by

1 Comments

31
May
Master Production Schedule (MPS)

Master scheduling follows aggregate planning. It expresses the overall plans in terms of specific end items or models that can be assigned priorities. It is useful to plan for the material and capacity requirements. Flowchart of aggregate plan and master production schedule is shown in Fig. 5.4 Time interval used in master scheduling depends

2 Comments

31
May
Material Requirement Planning (MRP)

MRP refers to the basic calculations used to determine components required from end item requirements. It also refers to a broader information system that uses the dependence relationship to plan and control manufacturing operations. “Materials Requirement Planning (MRP) is a technique for determining the quantity and timing for the acquisition of dependent demand items

1 Comments

31
May
Capacity Planning in Production and Operation Management

Design of the production system involves planning for the inputs, conversion process and outputs of production operation. The effective management of capacity is the most important responsibility of production management. The objective of capacity management (i.e., planning and control of capacity) is to match the level of operations to the level of demand. Capacity

1 Comments

31
May
Routing the Production and Operation Management

Routing may be defined as the selection of path which each part of the product will follow while being transformed from raw materials to finished products. Path of the product will also give sequence of operation to be adopted while being manufactured. In other way, routing means determination of most advantageous path to be

6 Comments

31
May
Scheduling the Production and Operation Management

Scheduling can be defined as “prescribing of when and where each operation necessary to manufacture the product is to be performed.” It is also defined as “establishing of times at which to begin and complete each event or operation comprising a procedure”. The principle aim of scheduling is to plan the sequence of work

1 Comments

31
May
Scheduling Methodology in Production and Operation Management

The scheduling methodology depends upon the type of industry, organization, product, and level of sophistication required. They are: Charts and boards, Priority decision rules, and Mathematical programming methods. 1. Gantt Charts and Boards Gantt charts and associated scheduling boards have been extensively used scheduling devices in the past, although many of the charts are

1 Comments

31
May
Quality Definition and Factors Affecting Quality

Different meaning could be attached to the word quality under different circumstances. The word quality does not mean the quality of manufactured product only. It may refer to the quality of the process (i.e, men, material, and machines) and even that of management. Where the quality manufactured product referred as or defined as “Quality

1 Comments

31
May
Control Definition and Need for Controlling Quality in Production and Operation Management

The process through which the standards are established and met with standards is called control. This process consists of observing our activity performance, comparing the performance with some standard and then taking action if the observed performance is significantly too different from the standards. The control process involves a universal sequence of steps as

1 Comments

31
May
Quality Inspection in Production and Operation Management

Inspection is an important tool to achieve quality concept. It is necessary to assure confidence to manufacturer and aims satisfaction to customer. Inspection is an indispensable tool of modern manufacturing process. It helps to control quality, reduces manufacturing costs, eliminate scrap losses and assignable causes of defective work. The inspection and test unit is

1 Comments

31
May
Quality Control in Production and Operation Management

Quality Control (QC) may be defined as a system that is used to maintain a desired level of quality in a product or service. It is a systematic control of various factors that affect the quality of the product. It depends on materials, tools, machines, type of labour, working conditions etc. QC is a

2 Comments

31
May
Statistical Process Control in Production and Operation Management

Statistical process control (SPC) is the application of statistical techniques to determine whether the output of a process conforms to the product or service design. It aims at achieving good quality during manufacture or service through prevention rather than detection. It is concerned with controlling the process that makes the product because if the

1 Comments

31
May
Quality Circles in Production and Operation Management

The quality circles begun in Japan in 1960s. The concept of quality circles is based on the participating style of management. It assumes that productivity will improve through an uplift of morale and motivations which are in turn achieved through consultation and discussion in informal groups. One organizational mechanism for worker participation in quality

1 Comments

31
May
Total Quality Management

Now-a-days, customers demand products/services with greater durability and reliability at the most economic price. This forces producers to strictly follow quality procedures right from design till shipment and installation of the products. So that goal of any competitive industry is to provide a product or service at the most economical costs, ensuring full customer

1 Comments

31
May
ISO 9000 Series

ISO stands for International Organization for Standardization. It is an international body, which consists of representatives from more than 90 countries. The national standard bodies of these countries are the members of this organization. Bureau of Indian Standards (BIS) are the Indian representative to ISO, ISO and International Electro Technical Commission (IEC)) operate jointly

2 Comments

31
May
Application ISO 9000: ISO 14000 Series

1. Overview The ISO 14000 series of environmental management standards are intended to assist organizations manage the environmental effect of their business practices. The ISO 14000 series is similar to the ISO 9000 series published in 1987. The purpose of the ISO 9000 series is to encourage organizations to institute quality assurance management programs.

1 Comments

31
May
Productivity: Factors Influencing Productivity, Measures and Improvement Techniques

Productivity is the quantitative relation between what we produce and we use as a resource to produce them, i.e, arithmetic ratio of amount produced (output) to the amount of resources (input). Productivity can be expressed as: Productivity refers to the efficiency of the production system. It is the concept that guides the management of

2 Comments

31
May
Work Study in Production and Operation Management

Work study is a generic term for those techniques, method study and work measurement which are used in the examination of human work in all its contexts. And which lead systematically to the investigation of all the factors which affect the efficiency and economy of the situation being reviewed, in order to effect improvement.”

31
May
Method Work Study in Production and Operation Management

Method study enables the industrial engineer to subject each operation to systematic analysis. The main purpose of method study is to eliminate the unnecessary operations and to achieve the best method of performing the operation. Method study is also called methods engineering or work design. Method engineering is used to describe collection of analysis

1 Comments

31
May